Cyber Security Is Not Only An Issue For The World Essay Example For Students

Cyber Security Is Not Only An Issue For The World Essay It is clear the U.S. Government, after 9/11 had to rethink what port security really meant. It was no longer about drug smugglers and theft, it was now a broad based approach to securing the ports, protecting the people and infrastructure and reducing the likelihood of another attack, whereby preserving global economic activity. As outlined above many areas have been addressed to protect overall port security, maintain strict processes for port facility security and drive technology and cooperation to improve container security. With all the effort and money spent in these areas there are additional areas that remain vulnerable to either a terrorist attack or labor strife that could still derail the economy. There is more work to be done to continue to improve the security of the economic engine that the ports provide. Cyber security is not only an issue for the world’sports; it remains a challenge to most every individual, company and government around the world. â€Å"In the coming year, hackers will launch increasingly sophisticated attacks on everything from critical infrastructure to medical devices† (Taylor, 2015). The growing problem with hackers gaining access and information from the computers of companies is a security risk for our ports and the ships coming into them. Almost everything is communicated through computers, ship manifests, customs clearance, where containers are to be staged, what carrier is expected to pick up those containers and when, along with personnel history. A breach in the line of communication that either disrupts communication for a period of time or erases or changes information would create a significant disruption to the port. Consider a change in manifest through a cyberattack; a container coul. .se of an emergency remains a challenge that must be met. Ultimately, creating a more secure power grid that would allow other power generating sub-stations, take over should one station become compromised due to an attack would further the country’s ability to keep the ports or other areas operational should a failure of a major component of the power grid due to an attack, weather or mechanical issue. The issue around securing our ports to protect the people, infrastructure and economy from terrorism is a discussion that continues today since the attacks of 9/11. An area that must also be considered when discussing securing our economic activity, the relationship between labor and management at the ports is a vital issue. While this is not a port security issue, though disgruntled employees could pose a security threat, it is an issue facing the world economy when

Utility Analysis Essay Example

Utility Analysis Essay SConcept of Utility * For effective decision-making, businessmen have to analyze and understand consumer behavior. Every rational human being endeavors to maximize his total utility by selecting the best from the given set of alternatives. * Utility refers to the satisfaction or pleasure that a consumer obtains by consuming the product or service; or want-satisfying ability of a good or service. * The concept of utility has been developed to explain the basic principles of consumer choice and behavior. Choice is different from preference. When we talk about preference, we only express our likes and dislikes. By contrast, a choice is something that we select from our preferred alternatives that suits our budget well. By utility, we mean the level of satisfaction obtained by consuming a good/ service preferred by a consumer. * Given the limited resources, a rational consumer allocates his money in such a way that the preferred combination of goods/services gives him the highest level of satisfaction. | | approaches to Measurement of Utility There are two approaches, namely cardinalist approach and ordinalist approach, to estimate utility. According to the cardinalist approach, utility can be measured in subjective units, say 10 utils, 20 utils, 30 utils, etc. Conversely, ordinalists feel that utility cannot be measured, but can only be ranked in order of preference (e. g. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, etc). We will write a custom essay sample on Utility Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Utility Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Utility Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the cardinalist approach, we choose a good that gives us maximum utils. In the given example, we select good E as it gives us 17 utils (which is best among the 5 goods). According to the ordinalist approach, we choose a good that ranks higher among the given set. In the above example, we select good E, as it ranks 1st in the order. Total Utility and Marginal Utility | | * Total utility is the total satisfaction obtained by a consumer from the consumption of the goods and services. Marginal utility is the additional or extra satisfaction a consumer derives from the consumption of an additional unit of a good or service. * Total utility (TU) increases as long as marginal utility (MU) is positive. TU reaches maximum when MU is zero (0). When MU is negative, TU decreases. Units of Good X | Total Utility | Marginal Utility | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 18 | 8 | 3 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 28 | 4 | 5 | 28 | 0 | 6 | 26 | -2 | | | | Total Utility and Marginal Utility: A Graphical Representation In the figure, total utility and marginal utility curves are drawn assuming that the law of diminishing marginal utility is operating. Thus, as the quantity consumed per period increases, the total utility initially increases at a decreasing rate, reaches maximum (known as satiation point) and then declines. Total utility is at maximum, when marginal utility is equal to zero and TU declines when MU of the good becomes negative. |   | | Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility According to the law of diminishing marginal utility, the additional utility of any good tends to decline as successive units of a given product are consumed over a definite period of time. | | The table shows the operation of law of diminishing marginal utility. If you eat one Cadbury chocolate, you get some satisfaction. If you eat a second Cadbury chocolate, you may get satisfaction, but lesser than that of the first one. If somebody offers you another Cadbury chocolate, you may be reluctant to accept it. This shows that the marginal utility (i. e. the additional utility a consumer derives from consuming an additional unit of a good) gradually diminishes. This also indicates that by consuming more of a good, total satisfaction increases, but at a diminishing rate and after reaching a point, it declines. The Law of diminishing marginal utility (chocolates) | Unit of chocolates | Marginal utility, utils | Total utility, utils | First Second Third Fourth Fifth | 10 6 2 0 -5 | 10 16 18 18 13 | | | Law of Equi-Marginal Utility   or Utility-Maximizing Rule According to the maximum utility rule, in order to maximize total utility the consumer should allocate his income such that the last rupee spent on each product purchased gives the same amount of extra (marginal) utility. Symbolically, this relationship is given by MUa/Pa = MUb/Pb = MUn/Pn Where, MUa, MUb and MUn are marginal utilities of product a, b and c respectively, and Pa, Pb and Pc are prices of product a, b and c respectively. Let us assume that a consumer has to allocate his income on two products – ‘a’ and ‘b’ such that he can maximize his utility. When MUa/Pa gt; MUb/Pb, the consumer will consume product ‘a’. He continues to consume more of product ‘a’ as long as MUa/Pa = MUb/Pb. Similarly, if MUa/Pa lt; MUb/Pb the consumer consumes product ‘b’ and he continues to consume product ‘b’ until MUa/Pa = MUb/Pb. Thus, the utility maximization equation is given by MUa/Pa = MUb/Pb. Illustration 1:Let us consider that a consumer has to allocate his income, say Rs. 10 between two products – A and B. Prices of products A and B are Rs. 1 and Rs. 2 per unit respectively. First unit of A gives him 10 utils and first unit of B gives him 24 units. Thus, marginal utility per rupee of first units of A and B are 10 and 12 respectively. A rational consumer consumes product B because it gives him more satisfaction than product A for the same rupee. The consumer is now left with Rs. 8. Now, he has to chose between first unit of A and second unit of B. For each rupee spent on first unit of A or second unit of B, he will get the same amount of extra satisfaction, i. e. 10 units. Therefore, he can choose either A or B. As he has Rs. , he will buy both A and B. Now, his remaining income reduces to Rs. 5 and he has to choose between the second unit of A and third unit of B. The consumer will buy third unit of product B as it gives him more additional satisfaction. Finally, the consumer consumes second unit of A and fourth unit of B with his remaining income, as each rupee spent on them give the same level of satisfaction. When the consumer allocates his total income in accordance with this rule, he finds no incentive to alter his expenditure pattern. Unit of product | Product A: Price = Rs. | Product B: Price = Rs. 2 | | (a) Marginal Utility, Utils | (b) Marginal Utility per rupee (MU/price) | (a) Marginal Utility, Utils | (b) Marginal Utility per rupee (MU/price) | First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth | 10 8 7 6 5 4 | 10 8 7 6 5 4 | 24 20 18 16 12 6 | 12 10 9 8 6 3 | | | Illustration II: Suppose a man goes to the market with Rs. 400 in his pocket, which he wants to spend on oranges, caps and milk, and further. Suppose that the utility he expects to derive from each unit of Rs. 25 spent on these commodities is follows. Unit of Rs 25 spent| Utility derived from the each unit of Rs. 25| | Oranges| Caps| Milk| 1St| 10| 13| 11| 2nd| 8| 12| 9| 3rd| 7| 10| 6| 4th| 5| 8| 5| 5th| 4| 6| 4| 6th| 3| 4| 2| 7th| 2| 3| 1| The purchaser will spend the first 25 on the object, which will give him the greatest satisfaction. In this case such an article is cap, the utility of its first unit is 13, which is maximum. Guided by the same motive, he will spend the second Rs. 25 on caps. He will spend the third Rs. 25 on milk and the forth-on oranges. In this way he will go spending money. The following table indicates the order in which he will spend the Rs. 400 he has got with him. Units of Rs. 25| Object of expenditure | Utility derived| Units of Rs. 25| Object of expenditure | Utility derived| 1St | Cap| 13| 9th| Orange| 7| 2nd| Cap| 12| 10th| Cap| 6| 3rd| Milk| 11| 11th| Milk| 6| 4rth | Orange| 10| 12th| Orange| 5| 5th| Cap| 10| 13th| Milk| 5| 6th| Milk| 9| 14th| Orange| 4| 7th| Orange| 8| 15th| Cap| 4| 8th| Cap| 8| 16th | Milk| 4| Total Utility derived from 16 units of Rs 25 =| 117| Total utility derived from Rs. 400 out off 117 The above table shows that he will spend Rs. 25 each 5 on oranges, 6 on caps, and 5 on milk, and will in total derive 117 units of utility. This is the maximum satisfaction that he can obtain out of his expenditure. If he does not follow this scheme of expenditure, he will not be able to derive maximum total utility. Therefore, if we want to derive maximum satisfaction out of our expenditure, we should spend our money in such a way as to derive, more or less, the same satisfaction from the last unit of money spends on each head. This is the law of Equi-Marginal Utility.

A Hellenistic Epigram About Women Sample Essay Will Provide Great Insight Into Her Life

A Hellenistic Epigram About Women Sample Essay Will Provide Great Insight Into Her LifeFor a Hellenistic Epigram About Women sample essay paper, you must consider that the key to success in your life is to have better self-control, control over your emotions, and discipline. With those traits, you'll be able to succeed in all areas of your life. And, you should recognize that each area has its own benefits and weaknesses.Being a woman, you can use the traits of a strong, stubborn, and determined individual to make a strong statement about how your family was neglected, you're unable to handle it on your own, you have control over yourself, and you're not going to be cowed by anything. You've got a lot to prove to yourself in your life. So, what better place to start than with your academic record.A Hellenistic Epigram About Women sample essay paper will help you understand the value of high grades. High grades will give you an edge on the competition when applying for college. You mi ght think that high marks are not an indicator of true talent, but that's not the case at all. In fact, it's easy to get a good grade in an essay because this is the easiest type of essay to finish.A Hellenistic Epigram About Women sample essay paper is the perfect opportunity to demonstrate that you're an exceptional writer. Most women have very good writing skills, and it shows that you know how to express yourself with words. Students from prestigious colleges usually take essays very seriously. If you're able to deliver a good essay, you'll stand out as one of the best students in your class.In your Hellenistic Epigram About Women sample essay paper, you should make sure to include some facts about yourself that are valuable to the reader. A strong argument in support of the points you make will help the reader to connect with you and relate to your perspective. People don't like to listen to someone who is full of themselves.In addition to using the facts you include in your He llenistic Epigram About Women sample essay paper, you should also focus on the thoughts that the writer expresses. You should also be able to express those thoughts in an entertaining manner.The most important part of the essay is how it is written. You should make sure that your writing has an engaging tone and it doesn't sound unprofessional. You should also have a professional appearance to it, so that it looks and feels polished.Using Hellenistic Epigram About Women sample essay paper is a great way to learn how to write. You should consider the tips listed above, as well as the ability to work quickly. The more you practice, the more fluent you'll become.

Explain why the League of Nati essays

Explain why the League of Nati essays Explain why the League of Nations failed in the 1930s [6] Its membership never embraced all the great nations. It had no moral determination. It dared not offend the Great Powers. It had positive means of enforcing its decisions. It was not universally trusted. It did not attempt to make a stand until it was too late. The concept of the League of Nations could only succeed if all great Nations were members. Although the membership of the League steadily increased this was never the case. The U.S. never joined the League; Germany was not accepted as a member until 1926 and withdrew in 1934, Russia was initially very hostile to the League and did not join until 1934, and Japan withdrew in 1933. The League showed in its early days that it was not always willing to take a stand over a matter of principle. For example; Italy and Corfu: An Italian General was murdered in 1923 while arranging a new border between Greece and Albania. The Italians blamed the Greeks (although Albanians might have not bee responsible), sent them an unacceptable ultimatum and then invaded the island of Corfu. The League persuaded the Greeks to pay 50 million lire into a Swiss bank while mediation took place. Meanwhile the Conference of Ambassadors of the victorious powers decided that Italy should be appeased and ordered the 50 million lire to be paid to Mussolini as compensation. The result shows that the League was prepared to allow its decisions to be overruled by the Great Powers and that it would permit a big nation to bully a small one. Machine parts were found to contain machine guns. Somebody was re-arming Hungary contrary to the Versailles settlement. Then the League went to investigate it found that the Hungarians had broken up the guns. However, as the train carrying the weapons had started its journey in Italy, it seemed likely that Mussolini was responsible. When the League debated the matter it mildly rebuked the Hungar...

A Short History of Microsoft

A Short History of Microsoft Microsoft Corp. is an American technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that supports the invention, manufacturing, and licensing of goods and services related to computing. It was registered in New Mexico in 1976 after being formed the year before by two childhood friends. Two Computer Geeks Before Paul Allen and Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft, they were avid computer geeks in an age when access to computers was hard to come by. Allen and Gates skipped high school classes to live and breathe in their schools computer room. Eventually, they hacked the schools computer and were caught, but instead of being expelled, they was offered unlimited computer time in exchange for helping to improve the school computers performance. Gates and Allen ran their own small company, called Traf-O-Data, while in high school and sold a computer to the city of Seattle for counting city traffic. Chesnot / Getty Images Bill Gates, Harvard Dropout In 1973, Gates left Seattle to attend Harvard University as a pre-law student. However, Gates first love never left him  as he spent most of his time in Harvards computer center, where he kept improving his programming skills. Soon Allen moved to Boston as well, working as a programmer and pressuring Gates to quit Harvard so they could work full time together on their projects. Gates was uncertain of what to do, but fate stepped in. The Birth of Microsoft In January 1975, Allen read an article in Popular Electronics magazine about the Altair 8800 microcomputer and showed it to Gates. Gates called MITS, makers of the Altair, and offered his and Allens services to write a version of the new BASIC programming language for the Altair. After eight weeks, Allen and Gates demonstrated their program to MITS, which agreed to distribute and market the product under the name of Altair BASIC. The Altair deal inspired Gates and Allen to form their own software company. Microsoft was started on April 4, 1975, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the home of MITS, with Gates as the first CEO. Where the Name Microsoft Came From On July 29, 1975, Gates used the name Micro-Soft, which had been suggested by Allen, in a letter to Allen referring to their partnership. The name, a portmanteau of microcomputer and software, was registered with the New Mexico secretary of state on Nov. 26, 1976. In August 1977, the company opened its first international office in Japan, called ASCII Microsoft. In 1979, the company moved to Bellevue, Washington, and two years later incorporated there under the name Microsoft Inc. Gates was president of the company and chairman of the board and Allen was executive vice president. History of Microsoft Products MicrosoftOperating Systems An operating system is a fundamental software that allows a computer to operate. As a newly formed company, Microsofts first operating system product to be publicly released was a version of Unix called Xenix, released in 1980. Xenix was later used as the basis for Microsofts first word processor, called Multi-Tool Word, a predecessor to Microsoft Word. Microsofts first wildly successful operating system was MS-DOS or Microsoft Disk Operating System, which Microsoft wrote for IBM in 1981 based on computer programmer Tim Patersons QDOS. In the deal of the century, Gates licensed MS-DOS to IBM but retained rights to the software. Gates made a fortune for Microsoft, which had become a major soft vendor. Microsoft Mouse Microsofts mouse was released on May 2, 1983. Windows Also in 1983, Microsofts crowning achievement was released. The  Microsoft Windows operating system had a novel graphical user interface and a multitasking environment for IBM computers. In 1986, the company went public, and Gates became a billionaire at 31. Microsoft Office 1989 marked the release of Microsoft Office, a software package that, as the name describes, is a collection of programs for use in an office. It includes a word processor, spreadsheet, mail program, business presentation software, and more. Internet Explorer In August 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95, which included technologies for connecting to the Internet, such as built-in support for dial-up networking, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), and the web browser Internet Explorer 1.0. Xbox In 2001, Microsoft introduced its first gaming unit, the Xbox system. Xbox faced stiff competition from Sonys PlayStation, and eventually Microsoft discontinued the original Xbox in favor of later versions. In 2005, Microsoft released the Xbox 360 gaming console, which was a success. Microsoft Surface In 2012, Microsoft made its first foray into the computing hardware market with the announcement of Surface tablets that ran Windows RT and Windows 8 Pro. Sources: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/microsoft-founded https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/the-history-of-the-xbox/ https://www.geekwire.com/2017/bill-gates-paul-allen-business-microsoft-engineer-partner/

Contract Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract Law - Assignment Example The question that needs to be determined in the sale transaction between Tom representing the Buyer and Max representing the Seller is whether Tom, in making the payment of 28,000 pounds has paid up in full according to the contractual terms, or whether Buyer will be liable to pay the additional amount of 2800 pounds that is being claimed by Seller, as a function of a small price rise that is sanctioned under the terms of its standard sale/purchase agreement that Tom has filled up when placing the order for the equipment. Contractual validity: In order for a contract to be valid, â€Å"there must be a definite offer mirrored by a definite acceptance.†1 In the case of Harvey v Facey2 a telegram sent by Facey confirming price was deemed not to be an offer3, however in the instant case, the Buyer (Tom) has made a definite offer to purchase the hydraulic jack system for the price listed (28,000 pounds) in the brochure while the Seller (Max) has orally agreed to supply the goods at the agreed list price of 28,000 pounds. Therefore, a contract has come into being and Max’s acceptance of the contract may be seen by his action in going ahead with the manufacture of the Hercules equipment.

The differences between Classical and Modern theater Essay

The differences between Classical and Modern theater - Essay Example In classical theaters, they were open air venues where performances could only be conducted at daytime in daylight (Walton 1987 pg 122-6). On the contrary, the modern theaters are permanent buildings with complete seats. The theaters use modern equipment to compliment the natural implements. The theaters are said to be built with padded seats with a complete enclosure. The performances of the modern theaters take place both at night right from the afternoons. The large part of the design and the presentation is formed by the artificial lights. The classical theaters could evolve to satisfy the ever changing specifications of the events acted (Walton 1987 pg 67-9). It was made in different shapes, sizes and had a variety of functions. While the modern theaters are unnecessarily complex, the classical theaters were just so simple with a great influence on any performance that was conducted on it. In terms of performance, the classical performances sometimes entailed performances that impact on moral negatively as opposed to the modern ones which are endeared towards the theme to the audience (Walton 1987 pg